Methods, not filler

Practical guides

Detailed explanations built around working tools, transparent formulas and primary technical sources.

Lighting control · 8 min

DMX addressing explained: fixture footprints, universes and DIP switches

Plan DMX start addresses without overlaps, understand fixture footprints and universe rollover, and decode common nine-switch binary addresses.

Read guide
Manufacturing · 7 min

Metal FFF sintering shrinkage: calculate the correct green-part scale

Why shrinkage percentage cannot simply be added to 100%, how to calculate inverse scale and why X/Y and Z should be measured separately.

Read guide
Laser marking · 8 min

Laser pulse overlap explained: spacing, hatch and pulse energy

Calculate pulse spacing and geometric overlap from scan speed, frequency and spot size, then keep hatch spacing and pulse energy distinct.

Read guide
Image formats · 7 min

JPEG vs PNG vs WebP: which image format should you choose?

Choose an image format based on photographic detail, transparency, sharp graphics, browser support and whether lossy compression is acceptable.

Read guide
AI transparency · 8 min

EU AI Act Article 50: what must be disclosed from August 2026?

A practical explanation of the EU AI Act Article 50 transparency rules for chatbots, synthetic media, deepfakes and public-interest text.

Read guide
Home energy · 7 min

Dutch solar net metering ends in 2027: how to compare the numbers

Based on enacted Dutch legislation: net metering ends on 1 January 2027. Compare self-consumption, imports, exports and contract costs.

Read guide
E-invoicing · 7 min

Netherlands e-invoicing requirements 2026: when is it mandatory?

Based on Dutch government and EU sources: e-invoicing is mandatory for central-government suppliers, but not every B2B invoice in 2026.

Read guide
E-invoicing · 7 min

How to read an electronic invoice XML file

A practical guide to opening UBL and CII electronic invoices, checking their key fields and understanding what still requires formal validation.

Read guide
Manufacturing · 6 min

CNC speeds and feeds formulas, with a worked example

Understand the relationship between cutting speed, tool diameter, spindle speed, chip load and table feed before entering machine settings.

Read guide
Home energy · 7 min

Home battery payback: the assumptions that change the answer

Learn which capacity, cycling, efficiency, tariff and degradation assumptions drive a home-battery payback estimate and how to test them.

Read guide